Flat feet in children is a condition in which the inner arch of the foot is reduced or absent, causing the sole to touch the ground when standing or walking. While it may be normal during the early years, persistence of the condition accompanied by pain or difficulty walking requires a medical evaluation.

1) Symptoms That Require Attention:

• Pain in the foot or ankle after activity
• Inward turning of the foot while walking
• Child tires quickly during play
• Inability to run short distances
• Mild deformity of the foot or a change in the way of walking
• Complaints of tightness or warmth in the foot

2) Causes of Flat Feet in Children:

• Genetic Factors
• Ligament Laxity
• Weakness of the Arch-Supporting Muscles
• Obesity
• Problems in Foot Bone Formation
• Use of Improper Footwear

3) How It Is Diagnosed:

• Clinical examination to assess the shape of the arch while standing and walking
• Tiptoe test to see if the arch reappears
• Standard X-rays to assess the bones of the foot and ankle
• In some cases: MRI to assess ligaments and muscles

4) Degrees of Flat Feet:

• Flexible Flat Foot: The most common type, which often resolves with growth.
• Rigid Flat Foot: May be associated with bone abnormalities and requires careful monitoring.
• Painful Flat Foot: A sign of an underlying problem that requires treatment.

5) Treatment Options Before Considering Surgery:

• Strengthening and Stretching Exercises for the Arch-Supporting Muscles
• Proper orthopedic shoes providing additional support
• Braces or orthotic insoles used as recommended by the doctor
• Physiotherapy to Correct Walking Patterns
• Weight Loss in Cases of Obesity
• Modifying Activities to Prevent Overload

6) When Is Surgical Intervention Needed?

• Persistent pain despite conservative treatment
• Presence of a noticeable deformity that worsens over time
• Rigid flat foot causing functional problems
• Difficulty performing daily activities due to pain

7) Prognosis and Likelihood of Improvement:

• Most children improve naturally with age
• Exercises and braces help reduce pain and improve walking patterns
• Regular follow-up with an orthopedic doctor is important to ensure proper foot development

8) Tips for Parents After Diagnosis:

• No need to worry… flat feet are common in children.
• Encourage your child to do simple exercises, such as walking on tiptoes.
• Avoid hard or ill-fitting shoes
• Monitor your child’s walking pattern and activity tolerance
• See a doctor immediately if severe pain, swelling, or difficulty walking occurs.