Recurrent shoulder dislocation is the repeated displacement of the head of the humerus from its normal position within the shoulder joint socket. It usually occurs after an initial dislocation caused by a sports injury or a fall, and continues due to weakened or damaged ligaments, leading to loss of normal joint stability.

Symptoms:

• Recurrent shoulder pain, especially when moving the arm in certain directions
• A feeling of shoulder instability or “impending dislocation”
• Swelling or weakness of the surrounding muscles
• Complete dislocation during certain movements, such as raising the arm overhead or backward

Diagnosis:

• Clinical examination to assess joint movement and stability
• X-ray imaging to evaluate joint alignment and bone position
• MRI to detect ligament or cartilage damage
• CT scan to assess the degree of bone loss in the socket

Treatment Options:

Conservative (Non-Surgical) Treatment:

• Physical therapy exercises to strengthen shoulder muscles
• Avoiding movements that provoke dislocation
• Using supportive braces during sports activities

Surgical Treatment:

• Arthroscopic Stabilization: Repair of damaged ligaments and tightening of the joint capsule
• Latarjet Procedure: Used in cases of bone loss by transferring a portion of the shoulder bone to reinforce the front of the socket

When Is Surgery Recommended?

• Recurrent dislocations occurring multiple times within a short period
• Failure of conservative treatment to restore shoulder stability
• Presence of bone erosion or severe soft tissue damage
• Reduced athletic or functional performance due to shoulder instability

Postoperative Patient Education:

• Strict adherence to a physical therapy program to strengthen surrounding muscles
• Avoid lifting heavy objects or sudden arm movements for a specified period
• Regular follow-up with the physician to monitor stability and restore range of motion
• Follow preventive instructions to avoid arm positions that previously caused dislocation