The meniscus is a crescent-shaped cartilage located between the bones of the knee joint, where it acts as a shock absorber and helps distribute load across the joint.
Meniscal tears commonly occur as a result of sudden twisting movements of the knee or direct sports injuries, and they may also develop gradually with aging due to degenerative wear.

Symptoms:

• Sharp pain when moving the knee.
• Swelling that may appear hours after the injury.
• Pain or difficulty when bending or straightening the knee.
• A sensation of clicking, catching, or joint locking.
• Loss of balance or knee instability.

Diagnosis:

• Clinical examination to identify the site of pain and assess knee movement.
• MRI to determine the type and location of the tear.
• X-ray imaging to rule out associated fractures.

Treatment Methods:

Non-Surgical Treatment:

• Rest and avoidance of activities that trigger pain.
• Ice application to reduce swelling.
• Physical therapy to strengthen the muscles surrounding the joint.
• Use of a knee brace or support.

Surgical Treatment:

• Knee arthroscopy to repair or remove the damaged portion of the meniscus.
• In rare cases, meniscal transplantation surgery may be performed.

When is surgery recommended?

• If conservative treatment fails.
• Presence of a large tear or a tear in an area with poor blood supply.
• Tears that limit knee movement or cause joint locking.
• In athletes who require a faster return to activity.

Post-Surgical Educational Guidelines:

• Commitment to physical therapy sessions to speed up recovery.
• Avoid strenuous activities during the recovery period.
• Follow the physician’s instructions regarding movement and exercises.
• Use a knee brace if recommended by the surgeon.