First: Joint Disorders

Joint disorders are among the most common orthopedic conditions. They cause pain and difficulty in movement and may directly affect a patient’s daily activities.
Joint disorders include the following:

• Knee Osteoarthritis:
  A condition caused by the wear and tear of articular cartilage, leading to pain, stiffness, and difficulty walking, and it worsens with age.
• Hip Osteoarthritis:
  Affects the hip joint and causes pain during movement or prolonged sitting, and pain may radiate to the thigh or knee.
• Hip Joint Instability:
  Weakness in joint stability that may result from injuries, previous surgeries, or chronic conditions.
• Avascular Necrosis of the Femoral Head:
  A serious condition caused by reduced blood supply to the femoral head, leading to bone damage.
• Femoroacetabular Impingement (FAI):
  Occurs due to abnormal contact between the femur and the hip socket, which may cause chronic hip pain.
• Rheumatoid Arthritis:
  A chronic autoimmune disease that causes joint inflammation, swelling, and pain, and may lead to deformities if left untreated.

Second: Bone Deformities and Limb Alignment Disorders

Bone deformities may be congenital or acquired and affect both the external appearance and function of the bones.

• Genu Valgum (Knock Knees):
  Occurs when the knees angle inward and may be normal at certain ages or result from pathological causes.
• Genu Varum (Bow Legs):
  Occurs when the knees are apart while the feet are together and may be associated with rickets or genetic factors.

Third: Osteoporosis

Osteoporosis is a condition characterized by reduced bone density, making bones more prone to fractures, especially in the elderly and postmenopausal women. It may also occur at a younger age due to medical conditions or nutritional deficiencies.

Fourth: Genetic and Developmental Bone Disorders

These conditions affect bone growth and development and often appear during childhood.

• Dwarfism:
  A growth disorder leading to short stature due to hormonal or genetic causes.
• Congenital Bone Deformities:
  Deformities present at birth, such as limb or spinal deformities.
• Growth Plate and Skeletal Growth Disorders:
  Conditions that affect the length or shape of bones during different growth stages.

Fifth: Bone Tumors

Bone tumors may be benign or malignant, and their impact and severity vary depending on the type and location.

• Benign Bone Tumors:
  Usually do not spread, but they may cause pain or deformity if they increase in size.
• Malignant Bone Tumors:
  Cancerous tumors that require early diagnosis and specialized treatment to achieve the best outcomes.

Bone diseases of all types require accurate diagnosis and early intervention to preserve mobility and quality of life. Dr. Mohamed Sayed provides specialized care in the diagnosis and treatment of bone and joint conditions using the latest medical approaches, with the option to book a consultation to receive a personalized treatment plan for each case.